TRANSFORMASI LAHAN PERTANIAN MENJADI PERMUKIMAN DI KOTA JAYAPURA: STUDI KASUS KAMPUNG YABANSAI DAN SEKITARNYA  (1970–2025)

Kulyasin Kulyasin; Muhammad Aqil

doi:10.59818/jps.v5i3.3370

TRANSFORMASI LAHAN PERTANIAN MENJADI PERMUKIMAN DI KOTA JAYAPURA: STUDI KASUS KAMPUNG YABANSAI DAN SEKITARNYA (1970–2025)

Kulyasin Kulyasin - Universitas Cenderawasih
Muhammad Aqil - Universitas Cenderawasih

Abstract

Urbanization in Jayapura City has driven the conversion of agricultural land into settlements in peripheral areas, yet longitudinal historical studies of this process in eastern Indonesia remain scarce, including in Kampung Yabansai. This study aims to describe the dynamics of land-use conversion from 1970 to 2025, identify its driving factors, analyze its impact on livelihoods and productive land, and examine the effectiveness of local spatial planning policy. The study employs the historical method (heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, historiography) combined with spatial analysis of Landsat and Google Earth imagery, using interview, archival, and field observation data. Results show the transformation unfolded in three phases: access-opening (1970-1985), acceleration (1986-2001) driven by spontaneous migration and customary land release, and consolidation-densification (2002-2025) driven by special autonomy funds; agricultural land shrank by more than 90 percent, with an irreversible turning point in the second phase, dominated by state intervention rather than the market. It is concluded that the mandate to protect customary land rights under Special Autonomy failed to operate because it was not supported by customary land registration, so a moratorium on building permits in vulnerable land and participatory mapping of customary rights are recommended.

ABSTRAK

Urbanisasi Kota Jayapura mendorong alih fungsi lahan pertanian menjadi permukiman di kawasan pinggiran, namun kajian historis longitudinal mengenai proses ini di Indonesia bagian timur masih minim, termasuk di Kampung Yabansai. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan dinamika alih fungsi lahan 1970-2025, mengidentifikasi faktor pendorongnya, menganalisis dampaknya terhadap mata pencaharian dan lahan produktif, serta mengkaji efektivitas kebijakan tata ruang lokal. Penelitian menggunakan metode sejarah (heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi, historiografi) dipadukan analisis spasial citra Landsat dan Google Earth, dengan data wawancara, arsip, dan observasi lapangan. Hasil menunjukkan transformasi berlangsung tiga fase: pembukaan akses (1970-1985), akselerasi (1986-2001) akibat migrasi spontan dan pelepasan adat, serta konsolidasi-densifikasi (2002-2025) yang didorong dana otonomi khusus; lahan pertanian menyusut lebih dari 90 persen, dengan titik balik ireversibel pada fase kedua, didominasi intervensi negara bukan pasar. Disimpulkan bahwa amanat perlindungan hak ulayat dalam Otonomi Khusus gagal beroperasi karena tak dilengkapi registrasi ulayat, sehingga disarankan moratorium izin bangunan di lahan rawan serta pemetaan partisipatif hak ulayat.

Keywords

land transformation, settlements, Yabansai Village, customary land rights, urban history of Papua ; transformasi lahan, permukiman, Kampung Yabansai, hak ulayat, sejarah perkotaan Papua

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.59818/jps.v5i3.3370

BibTex Citation Data :

@article{JPS3370,
    	author = {Kulyasin Kulyasin and Muhammad Aqil},
    	title = {TRANSFORMASI LAHAN PERTANIAN MENJADI PERMUKIMAN DI KOTA JAYAPURA: STUDI KASUS KAMPUNG YABANSAI DAN SEKITARNYA  (1970–2025)},
    	journal = {Public Sphere: Jurnal Sosial Politik, Pemerintahan dan Hukum},
    	volume = {5},
    	number = {3},
    	year = {2026},
    	keywords = {land transformation, settlements, Yabansai Village, customary land rights, urban history of Papua ; transformasi lahan, permukiman, Kampung Yabansai, hak ulayat, sejarah perkotaan Papua},
    	abstract = {Urbanization in Jayapura City has driven the conversion of agricultural land into settlements in peripheral areas, yet longitudinal historical studies of this process in eastern Indonesia remain scarce, including in Kampung Yabansai. This study aims to describe the dynamics of land-use conversion from 1970 to 2025, identify its driving factors, analyze its impact on livelihoods and productive land, and examine the effectiveness of local spatial planning policy. The study employs the historical method (heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, historiography) combined with spatial analysis of Landsat and Google Earth imagery, using interview, archival, and field observation data. Results show the transformation unfolded in three phases: access-opening (1970-1985), acceleration (1986-2001) driven by spontaneous migration and customary land release, and consolidation-densification (2002-2025) driven by special autonomy funds; agricultural land shrank by more than 90 percent, with an irreversible turning point in the second phase, dominated by state intervention rather than the market. It is concluded that the mandate to protect customary land rights under Special Autonomy failed to operate because it was not supported by customary land registration, so a moratorium on building permits in vulnerable land and participatory mapping of customary rights are recommended. ABSTRAKUrbanisasi Kota Jayapura mendorong alih fungsi lahan pertanian menjadi permukiman di kawasan pinggiran, namun kajian historis longitudinal mengenai proses ini di Indonesia bagian timur masih minim, termasuk di Kampung Yabansai. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan dinamika alih fungsi lahan 1970-2025, mengidentifikasi faktor pendorongnya, menganalisis dampaknya terhadap mata pencaharian dan lahan produktif, serta mengkaji efektivitas kebijakan tata ruang lokal. Penelitian menggunakan metode sejarah (heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi, historiografi) dipadukan analisis spasial citra Landsat dan Google Earth, dengan data wawancara, arsip, dan observasi lapangan. Hasil menunjukkan transformasi berlangsung tiga fase: pembukaan akses (1970-1985), akselerasi (1986-2001) akibat migrasi spontan dan pelepasan adat, serta konsolidasi-densifikasi (2002-2025) yang didorong dana otonomi khusus; lahan pertanian menyusut lebih dari 90 persen, dengan titik balik ireversibel pada fase kedua, didominasi intervensi negara bukan pasar. Disimpulkan bahwa amanat perlindungan hak ulayat dalam Otonomi Khusus gagal beroperasi karena tak dilengkapi registrasi ulayat, sehingga disarankan moratorium izin bangunan di lahan rawan serta pemetaan partisipatif hak ulayat.},
        	issn = {2964-5166},        	doi = {10.59818/jps.v5i3.3370},
        	url = {https://jurnal.penerbitwidina.com/index.php/JPS/article/view/3370}
    }