How to cite (IEEE): A. Ramadani, & A. Purwanti "IMPLICATIONS OF AI GROK-BASED NCII PRODUCTION ON FEMALE BRAWIJAYA UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ PERSONAL SECURITY ON SOCIAL MEDIA," Public Sphere: Jurnal Sosial Politik, Pemerintahan dan Hukum, vol. 5, no. 3, , Nov. 2026. https://doi.org/10.59818/jps.v5i3.3293

How to cite (APA): Ramadani, A., & Purwanti, A. (2026). IMPLICATIONS OF AI GROK-BASED NCII PRODUCTION ON FEMALE BRAWIJAYA UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ PERSONAL SECURITY ON SOCIAL MEDIA. Public Sphere: Jurnal Sosial Politik, Pemerintahan dan Hukum, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.59818/jps.v5i3.3293

How to cite (Chicago): Ramadani, Azahra Aulia, AND Purwanti, Asih. "IMPLICATIONS OF AI GROK-BASED NCII PRODUCTION ON FEMALE BRAWIJAYA UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ PERSONAL SECURITY ON SOCIAL MEDIA" Public Sphere: Jurnal Sosial Politik, Pemerintahan dan Hukum [Online], Volume 5 Number 3 (2 November 2026) https://doi.org/10.59818/jps.v5i3.3293

How to cite (Vancouver): Ramadani A, & Purwanti A . IMPLICATIONS OF AI GROK-BASED NCII PRODUCTION ON FEMALE BRAWIJAYA UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ PERSONAL SECURITY ON SOCIAL MEDIA. Public Sphere: Jurnal Sosial Politik, Pemerintahan dan Hukum [Online]. 2026 Nov; 5(3). https://doi.org/10.59818/jps.v5i3.3293

How to cite (Harvard): Ramadani, A., & Purwanti, A. ,2026. IMPLICATIONS OF AI GROK-BASED NCII PRODUCTION ON FEMALE BRAWIJAYA UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ PERSONAL SECURITY ON SOCIAL MEDIA. Public Sphere: Jurnal Sosial Politik, Pemerintahan dan Hukum, [Online] 5(3). https://doi.org/10.59818/jps.v5i3.3293

How to cite (MLA8): Ramadani, Azahra Aulia, & Asih Purwanti. "IMPLICATIONS OF AI GROK-BASED NCII PRODUCTION ON FEMALE BRAWIJAYA UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ PERSONAL SECURITY ON SOCIAL MEDIA." Public Sphere: Jurnal Sosial Politik, Pemerintahan dan Hukum [Online], 5.3 (2026): ##plugins.citationFormats.mla.noPages## Web. 4 Nov. 2026 , https://doi.org/10.59818/jps.v5i3.3293

BibTex Citation Data :

@article{JPS3293,
    	author = {Azahra Aulia Ramadani and Asih Purwanti},
    	title = {IMPLICATIONS OF AI GROK-BASED NCII PRODUCTION ON FEMALE BRAWIJAYA UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ PERSONAL SECURITY ON SOCIAL MEDIA},
    	journal = {Public Sphere: Jurnal Sosial Politik, Pemerintahan dan Hukum},
    	volume = {5},
    	number = {3},
    	year = {2026},
    	keywords = {artificial intelligence, human security, personal security, image-based sexual abuse, non-consensual intimate images ; kecerdasan buatan, keamanan manusia, keamanan personal, kekerasan seksual berbasis gambar, NCII},
    	abstract = {Generative AI such as Grok has accelerated the production of Non-Consensual Intimate Images (NCII) on platform X, a form of gender-based sexual violence threatening women's personal security, yet its effects on victims' subjective sense of safety remain underexamined. This study examines how AI Grok-based NCII production affects the personal security of female Brawijaya University students across five human-security dimensions: psychological security, freedom from fear, dignity, social participation, and protection-empowerment capacity. Using a qualitative descriptive design, data were gathered from 23 purposively sampled respondents via an open-ended online survey and literature review, analyzed thematically. Results show NCII is perceived as a threat extending beyond privacy, generating anxiety and anticipated insecurity even without direct victimization, reputational and dignity harm tied to gendered stigma, self-censorship restricting digital participation, and persistent distrust toward institutional protection despite some confidence in AI-based detection tools. It is concluded that AI-based NCII constitutes a multidimensional personal-security threat requiring accessible reporting, digital safety education, responsive moderation, and institutional support. ABSTRAKAI generatif seperti Grok telah mengakselerasi produksi Non-Consensual Intimate Images (NCII) di platform X, sebuah bentuk kekerasan seksual berbasis gender yang mengancam keamanan pribadi perempuan, namun dampaknya terhadap rasa aman subjektif korban masih belum banyak diteliti. Penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana produksi NCII berbasis AI Grok memengaruhi keamanan pribadi mahasiswi Universitas Brawijaya melalui lima dimensi keamanan manusia: keamanan psikologis, kebebasan dari rasa takut, martabat, partisipasi sosial, serta kapasitas perlindungan dan pemberdayaan. Menggunakan desain deskriptif kualitatif, data dikumpulkan dari 23 responden yang dipilih secara purposive melalui survei daring terbuka dan kajian literatur, lalu dianalisis secara tematik. Hasil menunjukkan NCII dipersepsikan sebagai ancaman yang melampaui pelanggaran privasi, menimbulkan kecemasan dan ketidakamanan antisipatif meski tanpa viktimisasi langsung, kerugian reputasi dan martabat yang terkait stigma gender, swasensor yang membatasi partisipasi digital, serta ketidakpercayaan yang menetap terhadap perlindungan institusional meski ada sedikit keyakinan pada alat deteksi berbasis AI. Disimpulkan bahwa NCII berbasis AI merupakan ancaman multidimensional terhadap keamanan pribadi yang memerlukan mekanisme pelaporan yang mudah diakses, edukasi keamanan digital, moderasi yang responsif, dan dukungan institusional.},
        	issn = {2964-5166},        	doi = {10.59818/jps.v5i3.3293},
        	url = {https://jurnal.penerbitwidina.com/index.php/JPS/article/view/3293}
    }
    

Refworks Citation Data :

@article{{JPS}{3293}, author = {Ramadani, A., Purwanti, A.}, title = {IMPLICATIONS OF AI GROK-BASED NCII PRODUCTION ON FEMALE BRAWIJAYA UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ PERSONAL SECURITY ON SOCIAL MEDIA}, journal = {Public Sphere: Jurnal Sosial Politik, Pemerintahan dan Hukum}, volume = {5}, number = {3}, year = {2026}, doi = {10.59818/jps.v5i3.3293}, url = {} }