Efektivitas Arbitrase dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Bisnis dan Implementasi Pasal 11 Ayat (2) UU No. 30 Tahun 1999

Ferawati Natalita - Law Study Program, President University
Wiwin Widianingsih - Law Study Program, President University

Abstract


This study examines the advantages of arbitration as an alternative dispute resolution mechanism for business disputes compared to conventional litigation. Using a normative juridical approach, it reviews Indonesia’s arbitration framework under Law Number 30 of 1999 and its alignment with international instruments such as the 1958 New York Convention, UNCITRAL, ICSID, and PCA. The analysis focuses on commercial and investment-related disputes. Findings indicate that arbitration offers key benefits—time and cost efficiency, confidentiality, procedural flexibility, and the appointment of expert arbitrators—making it the preferred method internationally. However, implementation in Indonesia remains hindered by inconsistent enforcement of arbitral awards, particularly due to broad public policy interpretations and the exequatur requirement. The study recommends judicial capacity-building, harmonization of legal interpretations, and institutional reforms to ensure Indonesia becomes a genuinely arbitration-friendly jurisdiction.

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini menyoroti keunggulan arbitrase sebagai mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa bisnis alternatif dibandingkan proses litigasi konvensional. Dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif, studi ini mengkaji kerangka hukum arbitrase di Indonesia berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 1999 serta keterkaitannya dengan instrumen internasional seperti Konvensi New York 1958, UNCITRAL, ICSID, dan PCA. Fokus kajian meliputi sengketa perdagangan dan investasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa arbitrase menawarkan efisiensi waktu dan biaya, kerahasiaan, fleksibilitas prosedural, serta pemilihan arbiter ahli. Meskipun secara global menjadi metode dominan, pelaksanaan arbitrase di Indonesia masih terkendala, terutama dalam eksekusi putusan karena interpretasi luas terhadap ketertiban umum dan syarat exequatur dari pengadilan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan peningkatan kapasitas yudisial, harmonisasi interpretasi hukum, dan reformasi kelembagaan guna menjadikan Indonesia sebagai yurisdiksi yang ramah arbitrase secara normatif dan praktik.


Keywords


Arbitration, Business Disputes, Award Enforcement, Exequatur, Public Policy, International Law / Arbitrase, Sengketa Bisnis, Eksekusi Putusan, Exequatur, Ketertiban Umum, Hukum Internasional

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References


Peraturan & Konvensi Internasional

Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States (ICSID Convention, 1965).

Konvensi ICSID 1965.

Konvensi New York 1958 tentang Pengakuan dan Pelaksanaan Putusan Arbitrase Asing.

Konvensi Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa tentang Hukum Laut (UNCLOS).

Piagam Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa 1945.

UNCITRAL. (1985). Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration.

Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 30 Tahun 1999 tentang Arbitrase dan Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa.

Buku

Adolf, H. (2019). Hukum penyelesaian sengketa internasional (hlm. 10). Jakarta: Sinar Grafika.

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Israhadi, E. I. (2018). A study of commercial arbitration and the autonomy of the Indonesian arbitration law. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 21(1), 1–10.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.59818/jps.v3i3.1546