PENDIDIKAN MULTIKULTURAL BERBASIS NILAI ASWAJA DI PESANTREN: STUDI FENOMENOLOGI TENTANG SANTRI LINTAS DAERAH

Abstract

The diversity of the students’ cultural backgrounds at Islamic boarding schools presents both a challenge and an opportunity for strengthening character education and tolerance. This study aims to describe multicultural learning practices, analyze the integration of Aswaja Annahdiyah values, and examine their impact on the character development and social competencies of students at Pesantren Annur, Garut Regency. The study employs a qualitative phenomenological approach, involving 28 students from various regions through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation. The results indicate that cross-cultural interactions in dormitory activities, halaqah sessions, and collective activities foster tolerant attitudes, intercultural communication skills, and the ability to collaborate. The Aswaja Annahdiyah values—tasamuh (tolerance), tawazun (balance), and ta’awun (cooperation)—are integrated into the students’ daily lives and serve as the foundation for building an inclusive character. This study concludes that Pesantren Annur has developed an effective experience-based multicultural education model that strengthens students’ social competencies and character, while also demonstrating the synergy between multicultural education and the Aswaja Annahdiyah values within the pesantren context.

ABSTRAK

Keberagaman latar belakang budaya santri di pesantren menjadi tantangan sekaligus peluang dalam penguatan pendidikan karakter dan toleransi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan praktik pembelajaran multikultural, menganalisis integrasi nilai Aswaja Annahdiyah, serta mengkaji dampaknya terhadap pengembangan karakter dan kompetensi sosial santri di Pesantren Annur, Kabupaten Garut. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif fenomenologi dengan melibatkan 28 santri dari berbagai daerah melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interaksi lintas budaya dalam kegiatan asrama, halaqah, dan aktivitas kolektif mampu menumbuhkan sikap toleran, keterampilan komunikasi antarbudaya, serta kemampuan bekerja sama. Nilai Aswaja Annahdiyah, yaitu tasamuh, tawazun, dan ta’awun, terintegrasi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari santri dan menjadi landasan pembentukan karakter inklusif. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Pesantren Annur mengembangkan model pendidikan multikultural berbasis pengalaman yang efektif dalam memperkuat kompetensi sosial dan karakter santri, sekaligus menunjukkan sinergi antara pendidikan multikultural dan nilai Aswaja Annahdiyah dalam konteks pesantren.